LAYOUT OF THERMAL OR STEAM POWER PLANT - THERMAL ENGINEERING

LAYOUT OF THERMAL OR STEAM POWER PLANT

Thermal power plant also known as steam power plant. It uses steam as a working medium. Plant is used to make electricity by rotating shaft of turbine which is connected with generator.

VIDEO LECTURE

Introduction

Layout of thermal or steam power plant

In thermal power plant, steam is an important medium for producing mechanical energy.
Water is converted into steam by boiler using coal as fuel and it is used to drive the steam turbine.
Heat energy of the steam is converted into mechanical energy by the steam turbine.
Mechanical energy is used for generating power by generator.
Steam has advantage that it can be raised from water which is available in abundance.

Circuits of thermal power plant

The layout of the thermal power plant consists of four main circuits. They are,

Coal and ash circuit
Air and flue gas circuit
Water and steam circuit
Cooling water circuit

Coal and Ash circuit

Coal and Ash circuit

The various stages in the coal and ash circuit are, Coal delivery, Coal unloading, Coal preparation, Coal storage, Coal handling, Coal burning, Ash handling, Ash disposal
Coal from coal mine is transferred to the power plant by transport system.
After the preparation, coal is stored in storage yard.
It is transferred to the boiler by using suitable coal handling equipment.
The handling system consist of belt conveyors, screw conveyors etc.,
During combustion process, heat, ash and smoke are exposed.

Air and Flue gas circuit

Air and Flue gas circuit

This circuit consist of filter, air preheater, dust collector and chimney.
Atmospheric air is forced into the boiler through filter and air preheater.
Dust from atmosphere air is removed by air filter and also air is preheated by using flue gases coming out from the boiler to increase the efficiency.
After the combustion flue gas is passed into the boiler tubes, economiser and preheater before being exhausted to the atmosphere through the chimney.
Dust collector is used to remove the dust particles in flue gas.

Water and Steam circuit

Water and steam circuit

This circuit consist of pump, boiler, turbine, economiser.
Water is fed into the boiler though economiser. Economiser is used to preheat the water.
In boiler, feed water is converted into steam.
Generated steam passes through super heater and it is supplied to the steam turbine.
The steam is expanded in the steam turbine.
The expanded steam is allowed to the condenser, where it is condensed.

Cooling water circuit

Cooling water circuit

In condenser, heat is taken by cooling water and it is dissipated to air in cooling tower.
Condensed water is fed into the reservoir.
Pump is used to recirculate the cooling water.

Advantages

Initial investment is low.
Low maintenance cost.
The power plant can be located nearest to coal mines, so that the loading cost can be reduced.

Disadvantages

Ash handling and air pollution are the major problems.
Power generation cost is high.
Coal handling cost is more.

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