CONCEPT PEN

  Types of measurement Direct measurement It is a simple method. The quantity to be measured directly without any calculations. Measuring length, time are some direct measurements. Some of direct measurement instruments are, Scale, Vernier caliper, Stop watch etc.,         Indirect measurement Quantity not measured directly. The quantity to be measured with calculations. Measuring angle with sine bar is the example of indirect measurement. Some of indirect measurement instruments are sine bar.   Contact measurement In this measurement, instrument’s tip makes contact with the surface being measured. Example : Vernier caliper, micrometer and dial indicator.   Non contact measurement In this measurement, there is no contact between the measuring tip and measuring surface. Example: tool maker’s microscope , comparators and optical measurements   Primary, secondary and tertiary measurement In primary measurement, the quantity to be measured directly by

Construction and working of shaping machine   Main Parts:- Base Column Cross rail Table Ram Tool head Saddle  Base – It is made by casting process. Cast iron material is used. It absorbs shock and vibrations. Column – Column is constructed using the cast iron. It is made by casting process. It a hollow structure. Driving mechanism is available inside the column. Guide ways are available in top & front face of the column column. Cross rail – It is placed in guide ways of column. Vertical movement of the cross rail is provided by elevating screw. Saddle – It is fixed with cross rail. It slides over the cross rail to provide cross wise movement. Table is fitted at the top of the saddle. It is made by cast iron material. Table – Work piece can be hold in the table by using T-Slots It can be moved horizontally by rotating cross feed screw. It can be moved vertically by rotating elevating screw. Ram – It fixed at the top of the co

How does gear shaper works? What is gear shaping? Gear shaping is the process of making gears by using gear shaping machine.     Construction & Working Gear is manufactured by using a special type of machine called gear shaper.   In gear shaping, a pinion type cutter is used.   The cutter teeth are ground with a top rake and clearance. It is mounted on a vertical spindle.   The axes of the cutter and blank are aligned as a parallel.   The cutter and the blank are made to rotate together as two gears which are in mesh. Both cutter and the blank are rotate at same speed.   The cutter reciprocates in a vertical direction along the width of the blank.   The pinion cutter is feed radially into the gear blank to give the depth of cut. The cutter and the blank slowly rotate together till all the teeth are generated on the blank.   During each return stroke of the cutter, the blank is withdrawn.  This is done to prevent rubbing of the cutting edges and damage to gear teeth being cut. A