CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF AUTOMOBILE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

The major components used in Car’s AC are:

Compressor

• The compressor of the AC is known as the heart. It promotes the pressure of the refrigerant so that it can transform vapour refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant enables the overall flow of air through the condenser.

Condenser

• The condenser is a small device that controls the condensing. When you want to set the car’s temperature to low or high, liquid refrigerant sent by the compressor has to face the convection force provided by the radiator fan or by a separated fan. This force helps in controlling it.

Expansion Valve

• Expansion Valve helps in expanding the high pressure, by sending low-temperature liquid refrigerant by the condenser. As its name implies, it controls the expansion and reduces the pressure. The release pressure of the refrigerant before sending it to the evaporator.

Evaporator

• The evaporator is placed behind the AC vent and looks like the heat exchanger. It takes the heat from the car and converts it into liquid refrigerant by changing it into vapour. You can enjoy cooling through fan inside the passenger’s section.

Orifice Tube

• The orifice tube is in the shape of a cone and provided restriction in the flow of refrigerant. It allows the refrigerant to convert high to low-pressure liquid refrigerant mist before entering the evaporator.

Receiver Dryer

• Receiver Dryer is known as the safety catch as it maintains the safety in the car. When we are using the Air conditioner, sometimes liquid starts flowing towards the compressor instead of vapours, which can damage the compressor. So the receiver dryer is used inserted between compressor and evaporator to transform the remaining liquid into vapours and then send it for compression.

AC Inline Filter

• Air conditioning inline filter kit traps wreckage and gives you the cleaned air.

AC Refrigerant

• Refrigerant has a low boiling point and is used by the AC as a heat exchanging medium. It is in the fluid form, so changing the temperature becomes very easy through it. At low temperatures, the refrigerant converts into gaseous form, while it stays liquid at the high temperature.

Accumulator

• Accumulator holds the refrigerant. It desiccant the refrigerants bag by removing moisture from it and then circulate it inside the car.

Working

• The whole working starts with the Compressor. It compresses or pressurizes the refrigerant and converts it into the liquid from its gaseous state.

• The compressed liquid refrigerant has to pass through certain tubes located in the condenser. Here, the fresh air from outside comes in the contact with liquid refrigerant. The condenser contains a high-temperature liquid and that’s why there is a temperature incline between liquid and fresh air. Later, the heat moves from the liquid and mix with air.

• Then, the refrigerant moves into the receiver drier or accumulator. The desiccant removes the moisture from the air and refrigerant that leads to the creation of a cooler refrigerant while maintaining the system.

• The refrigerant, which is already in the cool liquid state, flows into the expansion valve or orifice tube. This process reduces overall fluid pressure and allows it to move to the evaporator (another component of AC).

• The converted refrigerant will then move to the evaporator. The air from the car will be drawn into the evaporator and go inside the evaporator core. Till now, the refrigerant temperature is cooler and it can convert the outside heat into the cold air.

• Fans near the passenger seat help in blowing the cold air through vents and make the car’s temperature cool. This process also removes moisture from the air and allows you to enjoy the fresh and dry air. (During this process, the collection and draining of the condensate also takes place). As the liquid refrigerant in the AC system becomes hotter after working, it again turns into a gaseous state.

• This hot and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant again circulates and goes back to the compressor. This is how the new cycle takes place and you get the cool, dry and fresh air.

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